shared term, no equivalence asserted
The rows below print this term in 3 jurisdictions,
set side by side by each row’s own jurisdiction field, in code-unit order of that field.
Each definition is kept apart under its own text, and quoted where the term and its text
together sit under the quote cap: 0 of 1 definition in
this view are quoted and 1 is withheld with the reason. No reading here
says that two of them agree or differ.
EU
Defined in no current text of a row of this jurisdiction defines it Rows printing it in a normative sentence 28 Rows printing it in a title 3 Rows printing it in body 24 International
Defined in ICH Q9(R1) no clause given :
text withheld (end not delimited: the text before the next definition read does not end with a full stop or a semicolon)
Rows printing it in a normative sentence 4 Rows printing it in a title 1 Rows printing it in body 6 US
Defined in no current text of a row of this jurisdiction defines it Rows printing it in a normative sentence 4 Rows printing it in a title 5 Rows printing it in body 12 This form is printed by the
tracked documents, each as a document defines it. The index’s key is
quality (the definitions derivation’s fold:
case set aside, spaces collapsed; each form is matched exactly as printed).
1 observed text defines it.
Counts below are over each row’s current text, the
81 of 126 current
texts the derivation read; a title is read for every one of the 132 tracked rows.
Defined 1 definition in 1 current text, as the definitions derivation’s rules read them, quoted where the term and its text together sit under the quote cap.
ICH Q9(R1) International text first observed 2026-09-07 no clause given (its definitions section's heading carries no number the clause anchors placed) Quality :
text withheld (end not delimited: the text before the next definition read does not end with a full stop or a semicolon) In normative sentences 113 sentences in 36 current texts
printing one of the forms in the heading and one of the sentence derivation’s listed verbs (shall, should, must, is expected, may). A sentence is a row of printed words; nothing here calls it a requirement. A defining occurrence that lies inside such a sentence is counted here and under Defined; only In body leaves out both.
Each sentence is given by the clause the sentence derivation places it under and the verbs it prints, grouped by clause, each clause followed by its count of sentences; its words are not quoted here, and are served by their offsets at /api/v1/modal-sentences.json .
Annex 11 concept paper EU 1 sentence; text first observed 2026-09-08 1: 1 sentence (should)
EMA data quality framework EU 5 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 10: 5 sentences (should, may)
EU GMP Annex 1 EU 3 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 annex-1/11: 3 sentences (should)
EU GMP Annex 11 EU 1 sentence; text first observed 2026-09-07 3.4: 1 sentence (should)
EU GMP Annex 11 (draft) EU 3 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 17: 3 sentences (should)
EU GMP Annex 13 EU 1 sentence; text first observed 2026-09-08 7: 1 sentence (may, should)
EU GMP Annex 14 EU 2 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 10: 2 sentences (should)
EU GMP Annex 15 EU 2 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 5.32: 1 sentence (should) · 11.4: 1 sentence (should)
EU GMP Annex 16 EU 4 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 1.5.6: 1 sentence (should) · 1.5.7: 1 sentence (may) · 2.2: 2 sentences (should)
EU GMP Annex 17 EU 2 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 5: 2 sentences (should)
EU GMP Annex 2 EU 2 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 29: 1 sentence (should) · 36: 1 sentence (should)
EU GMP Annex 21 EU 3 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 3.1: 1 sentence (should) · 3.2: 1 sentence (should) · 5.1.1: 1 sentence (should)
EU GMP Annex 22 EU 1 sentence; text first observed 2026-09-08 10: 1 sentence (should)
EU GMP Annex 3 EU 2 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 no clause anchor before this sentence : 1 sentence (should) · 38: 1 sentence (may)
EU GMP Annex 7 EU 1 sentence; text first observed 2026-09-08 15: 1 sentence (should)
EU GMP Annex 8 EU 2 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 3: 1 sentence (should) · 5: 1 sentence (should)
EU GMP Chapter 1 EU 12 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 chapter-1: 12 sentences (must, should, may)
EU GMP Chapter 2 EU 6 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 part-1: 6 sentences (should, must, may)
EU GMP Chapter 3 EU 2 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 part-1: 2 sentences (should)
EU GMP Chapter 4 EU 4 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 no numbering read : 4 sentences (should, may)
EU GMP Chapter 4 (draft) EU 5 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 no numbering read : 5 sentences (should)
EU GMP Chapter 5 EU 9 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 part-1: 9 sentences (should, may)
EU GMP Chapter 6 EU 10 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 part-1: 10 sentences (should, must, may)
EU GMP Chapter 7 EU 1 sentence; text first observed 2026-09-08 no numbering read : 1 sentence (must)
EU GMP Chapter 8 EU 7 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 part-1: 7 sentences (should, may)
EU GMP Chapter 9 EU 1 sentence; text first observed 2026-09-08 no numbering read : 1 sentence (should)
EU IVDR EU 1 sentence; text first observed 2026-07-28 annex-vii/4.5.2: 1 sentence (shall)
EU MDR EU 1 sentence; text first observed 2026-08-12 annex-vii/4.5.2: 1 sentence (shall)
FDA AI guidance US 1 sentence; text first observed 2026-09-07 7: 1 sentence (may)
FDA device cybersecurity (2026) US 2 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-08 6: 2 sentences (must, may)
FDA electronic systems (clinical) US 1 sentence; text first observed 2026-09-08 no clause anchor before this sentence : 1 sentence (should)
ICH Q12 International 4 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-07 4: 4 sentences (should, must, may)
ICH Q13 International 3 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-07 follows a withheld heading : 3 sentences (should)
ICH Q2(R2) International 1 sentence; text first observed 2026-09-07 annex-2/2.1: 1 sentence (may, should)
ICH Q9(R1) International 6 sentences; text first observed 2026-09-07 8: 5 sentences (should, may) · 25: 1 sentence (should)
21 CFR Part 820 (QMSR) US 1 sentence; text first observed 2026-09-26 no numbering read : 1 sentence (may)
In titles 9 tracked rows whose titles print one of the forms in the heading, read from the title this record holds, by the same exact rule.
In body 246 occurrences in 42 current texts
outside every sentence above and outside the term’s own definitions, each counted under the clause anchor the clause-anchor derivation placed last before it; each clause is followed by its count.
EMA data quality framework EU 63 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-08 10: 55 · 13: 1 · 20: 2 · 22: 1 · 3: 1 · 7.1: 1 · 8.1: 1 · 1 where no heading is read before it
DI revision concept paper International 1 occurrence; text first observed 2026-09-02 1 where no numbering read in this text
EU AI Act EU 2 occurrences; text first observed 2026-08-03 annex-vii/3: 1 · chapter-iii/section-3/article-17: 1
EU Cyber Resilience Act EU 1 occurrence; text first observed 2026-07-31 annex-viii/part-iv/3: 1
EU GMP Annex 1 EU 3 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-08 annex-1/10: 2 · annex-1/3: 1
EU GMP Annex 10 EU 1 occurrence; text first observed 2026-09-08 4: 1
EU GMP Annex 11 (draft) EU 4 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-08 17: 3 · 3: 1
EU GMP Annex 14 EU 2 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-08 3: 1 · 7: 1
EU GMP Annex 15 EU 3 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-08 12: 2 · 1 where no heading is read before it
EU GMP Annex 16 EU 2 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-08 appendix-i/4: 1 · appendix-i/5: 1
EU GMP Annex 17 EU 1 occurrence; text first observed 2026-09-08 1 where no heading is read before it
EU GMP Annex 2 EU 1 occurrence; text first observed 2026-09-08 36: 1
EU GMP Annex 21 EU 2 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-08 3: 1 · 7: 1
EU GMP Annex 3 EU 3 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-08 8: 1 · 9: 1 · 1 where no heading is read before it
EU GMP Annex 6 EU 1 occurrence; text first observed 2026-09-08 38: 1
EU GMP Annex 7 EU 1 occurrence; text first observed 2026-09-08 12: 1
EU GMP Annex 8 EU 2 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-08 3: 1 · 1 where no heading is read before it
EU GMP Chapter 1 EU 16 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-08 chapter-1: 15 · 1 where no heading is read before it
EU GMP Chapter 2 EU 7 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-08 part-1: 7
EU GMP Chapter 6 EU 4 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-08 part-1: 4
EU GMP Chapter 7 EU 2 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-08 2 where no numbering read in this text
EU GMP Chapter 8 EU 1 occurrence; text first observed 2026-09-08 part-1: 1
EU IVDR EU 2 occurrences; text first observed 2026-07-28 annex-ix/chapter-i/2: 1 · annex-xi/3: 1
EU Machinery Regulation EU 1 occurrence; text first observed 2026-08-05 annex-ix/3: 1
EU MDR EU 2 occurrences; text first observed 2026-08-12 annex-ix/chapter-i/2: 1 · annex-xi/part-a: 1
FDA AI guidance US 4 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-07 7: 4
FDA AI device list US 6 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-23 6 where no numbering read in this text
FDA CSA US 4 occurrences; text first observed 2026-07-30 4 where no numbering read in this text
FDA device cybersecurity US 3 occurrences; text first observed 2026-08-08 3 where no numbering read in this text
FDA device cybersecurity (2026) US 12 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-08 6: 9 · 3 where no heading is read before it
FDA electronic systems (clinical) US 3 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-08 12: 1 · 14: 1 · 1 where no heading is read before it
FDA ETP US 1 occurrence; text first observed 2026-07-28 1 where no numbering read in this text
FDA guidance agenda US 4 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-07 4 where no numbering read in this text
FDA Part 11 scope US 5 occurrences; text first observed 2026-07-31 5 where no numbering read in this text
FDA process analytical framework US 2 occurrences; text first observed 2026-07-31 2 where no numbering read in this text
ICH Q12 International 9 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-07 4: 9
ICH Q13 International 10 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-07 10 where the heading before it is withheld
ICH Q14 International 5 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-07 13.2: 5
ICH Q2(R2) International 1 occurrence; text first observed 2026-09-07 annex-2/1.2: 1
ICH Q9(R1) International 39 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-07 16: 1 · 18: 1 · 25: 10 · 8: 27
NISTIR 8183 US 7 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-08 7: 7
21 CFR Part 820 (QMSR) US 3 occurrences; text first observed 2026-09-26 3 where no numbering read in this text
Co-occurrence 88 other terms of the index share at least
one clause of a current text with this one: a clause a definition sits in, the clause of a sentence above,
or the clause a body occurrence is counted under. Terms in order of their key; each with the count of
clauses shared and the clauses, by row. 69 positions of this term
have no placed clause and share none
(a defining occurrence inside a sentence above is counted once under each).
History Every text of each row holding the term in any text the store holds under the current version, in the order the texts were first observed. A row’s current text is marked.
Annex 11 concept paper First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-07-31 17bed942038f unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 6d68d146b07c (current) 0 1 0
EMA data quality framework First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-04 e2ad4536a9bd unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 4d30b7bae7dd (current) 0 5 63
DI revision concept paper First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-07-31 208b17ec5cbe0 0 1 2026-09-02 4f4cdfc13143 (current) 0 0 1
EU AI Act First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-07-28 58dbc3006d270 0 2 2026-08-03 9d16077b1d3b (current) 0 0 2
EU GMP Annex 1 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-15 2f3d52a59156 unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 1d99797d3b8b (current) 0 3 3
EU GMP Annex 10 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-15 1bf6c7c62112 unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 f7881a52f0ad (current) 0 0 1
EU GMP Annex 11 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-07-28 797a882ba0ea0 0 4 2026-09-07 53742d793b68 (current) 0 1 0 2026-09-23 ac00544165540 0 4 2026-10-07 749c401323750 0 4 2026-10-22 f110d5d47c110 0 4 2026-10-28 bf56cba791d80 0 4 2026-10-29 3db9896305a60 0 4
EU GMP Annex 11 (draft) First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-04 0e885238d69a unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 7a8b8a6e95d5 (current) 0 3 4
EU GMP Annex 13 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-15 48f21f2e4f1b unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 c4635c9c95ba (current) 0 1 0
EU GMP Annex 14 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-15 6eabc41e8879 unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 ea32c21545ee (current) 0 2 2
EU GMP Annex 15 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-07-31 50a728365a3b unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 db59da980bed (current) 0 2 3
EU GMP Annex 16 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-15 c69969906e63 unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 2f7bb1a97c67 (current) 0 4 2
EU GMP Annex 17 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-15 d15b6167fee9 unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 507358780b13 (current) 0 2 1
EU GMP Annex 2 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-15 053f731102ad unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 c1a1d8a7fee4 (current) 0 2 1
EU GMP Annex 21 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-15 45769b002c01 unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 6e2055f21776 (current) 0 3 2
EU GMP Annex 22 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-07-28 797a882ba0ea0 0 4 2026-07-31 07dc6a9975d1 unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 f8b98469078e (current) 0 1 0
EU GMP Annex 3 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-15 2cb8ccdb053c unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 743cfcdd11a7 (current) 0 2 3
EU GMP Annex 6 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-15 10131cf8966a unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 1787513e049d (current) 0 0 1
EU GMP Annex 7 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-15 e6dfb22ae579 unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 fd6b0dfbb7fd (current) 0 1 1
EU GMP Annex 8 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-15 04e1593f805c unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 1be3d183419f (current) 0 2 2
EU GMP Chapter 1 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-12 0c75116285b8 unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 cfea967f8325 (current) 0 12 16
EU GMP Chapter 2 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-12 6d54bcfeb8e7 unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 313242556edd (current) 0 6 7
EU GMP Chapter 3 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-12 dccc2d038791 unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 c0432468bd32 (current) 0 2 0
EU GMP Chapter 4 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-07-31 ef49f58a80fe unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 b9143ae11461 (current) 0 4 0
EU GMP Chapter 4 (draft) First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-04 85a680107f4d unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 8f04120f403b (current) 0 5 0
EU GMP Chapter 5 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-12 f30eb798ed40 unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 172395cf624f (current) 0 9 0
EU GMP Chapter 6 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-12 2ebf88652dc3 unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 6ec505fc00ef (current) 0 10 4
EU GMP Chapter 7 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-12 723340abc9bd unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 d5d92da2b929 (current) 0 1 2
EU GMP Chapter 8 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-12 6af0146c0d0b unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 880033e05d95 (current) 0 7 1
EU GMP Chapter 9 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-12 baf7d10904f7 unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 6be6e232dd4c (current) 0 1 0
EU IVDR First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-07-28 903e40aaebe6 (current) 0 1 2
EU Machinery Regulation First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-04 1fc20ae2ffd80 0 1 2026-08-05 82fb682a6c54 (current) 0 0 1
EU MDR First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-07-28 14d00b77d5c80 1 2 2026-08-12 fab624c8e1dc (current) 0 1 2
FDA AI guidance First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-07-28 61d4603ff66e0 0 2 2026-08-20 088a7a37c55d0 0 0 2026-09-01 630bd27c7b420 0 0 2026-09-07 5c61f4c6351d (current) 0 1 4
FDA AI device list First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-07-28 7d8bfb6d13ca0 0 6 2026-09-04 a55b6f3690340 0 6 2026-09-23 f0d90446093e (current) 0 0 6
FDA CSA First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-07-30 4843091843f0 (current) 0 0 4
FDA device cybersecurity First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-08 b52b706d5cca (current) 0 0 3 2026-09-07 d34d8c706d880 2 12
FDA device cybersecurity (2026) First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-07-31 b52b706d5cca0 0 3 2026-08-08 27c5d1a28e3d unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 d34d8c706d88 (current) 0 2 12
FDA electronic systems (clinical) First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-04 06b24bf9ebcb unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 74c586849092 (current) 0 1 3
FDA ETP First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-07-28 6b01e1d72618 (current) 0 0 1
FDA guidance agenda First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-07-30 f5e8806992b50 0 0 2026-09-07 ae6842a2cdd8 (current) 0 0 4
FDA Part 11 scope First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-07-31 a5590943862c (current) 0 0 5
ICH Q12 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-09-07 206fc2d61445 (current) 0 4 9
ICH Q13 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-09-07 06273204f50b (current) 0 3 10
ICH Q14 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-09-07 5e9388123e17 (current) 0 0 5
ICH Q2(R2) First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-09-07 bb656b9e84a8 (current) 0 1 1
ICH Q9(R1) First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-09-07 57c484f5daed (current) 1 6 39
NISTIR 8183 First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-12 92b7bfe588c4 unmeasured: the retained text opens with a PDF file signature ('%PDF-') not measured not measured not measured 2026-09-08 fe392d207918 (current) 0 0 7
21 CFR Part 820 (QMSR) First observed Text Defined In normative sentences In body 2026-08-04 8b8ac787c6870 1 3 2026-08-08 fa65ecef3a810 1 3 2026-08-14 8ee8e1aad0a50 1 3 2026-08-19 f3605b69e1360 1 3 2026-08-21 baa155d883e30 1 3 2026-08-28 ac6e97a3c75d0 1 3 2026-08-29 bb66b9cbb2c40 1 3 2026-08-31 0e1bbcb2d14d0 1 3 2026-09-02 0eb9eade18680 1 3 2026-09-08 94a77d5625e80 1 3 2026-09-26 ca64082d7f23 (current) 0 1 3
Feed /atom/term/quality.atom carries one entry for each
text of a row whose counts above differ from the row’s previous text, and one for the first text of a
row holding the term, dated by the text’s first observation. A new version of the derivation is a
change of method and is never an entry.
How this page is derived
From the terms-index derivation’s current version, first derived on
2026-10-31 , read from
state/terms-index.jsonl. Threshold: a key enters the index when at least 1 observed text of a tracked row defines it, under the definitions derivation's current version. Its version, its rules and
term set, and the versions of the clause-anchor, definitions and sentence derivations it joins, are on
the derivation methods page , which lists every version of each with
the day it was first derived: a change there is a change of method, never a change in a text.
Not read: a term printed in a form no definition under its key carries: a plural or other ending, another letter case, another spacing or a line break between its words, a hyphenated or abbreviated form, a translation; a term a document defines in a form head 3's rules do not read (its own not_reached names them), which enters no key; an occurrence in a text head 1 refused, which is not read; a title is read for its row and is not dated by a text. A position states where an occurrence lies in a text and nothing about what the text says of the term.
One row for each entry whose own characters this page prints: a text defining a form printed here, or a definition quoted. A row named or linked without its characters printed, or whose title only or sentence clauses only are given, has no row.
Each value is read by the same function the API reads, and each field is
defined in the published
schema . None of the four is a grant.